Helping Families Navigate the Financial Challenges of Age Transitions

Tag: elder financial abuse

Constructive Trusts – When Trust is Broken

Elder financial abuse is a distressing issue that affects vulnerable seniors, often leading to significant financial losses. In the realm of legal remedies, one powerful tool used to address such cases is the constructive trust. But what exactly is a constructive trust, and how does it work?

At its core, a constructive trust is a legal remedy aimed at correcting unjust enrichment and ensuring that property or assets are returned to their rightful owner. Unlike a traditional trust created by a formal legal agreement, a constructive trust arises by operation of law. It’s a flexible and equitable concept that courts employ when they find that someone has obtained property, assets, or benefits in an unfair or wrongful manner.

Constructive trusts are not exclusive to elder financial abuse cases; they can be applied in various situations where one party has benefited at the expense of another without a proper legal basis. For purposes of our discussion however, we’ll focus on their use in elder financial abuse situations.

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Court of Appeals Affirms That Will Was Product of Undue Influence

The Law Firm of Faegre Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, recently published the trial court results of a case involving a charge of Undue Influence brought by the two adult children of William Moriarty.

Mr. Moriarty was widowed in April 2016. William had been diagnosed with depression, anxiety and congestive heart failure following Doreen’s death. Eve, who had been married three times previously and had met William while Doreen was alive, began dating him within weeks after Doreen’s death.

Afterward, Cathy and Paula noticed a marked change in their relationship with their father, though they did not learn of his and Eve’s relationship until soon before they were married. Eve and William married about seven months after Doreen’s death, and neither Cathy nor Paula were invited to, or attended, the wedding.

From firing William’s caregiver to procuring a new will for him through her own lawyer, Eve also was named as joint owner of a new, large home purchase shortly after their marriage, as well as of a new $60,000 Lexus.

Relying on an expert witness, the court determined that William’s physical and psychological impairments made him vulnerable to undue influence.

The trial court was convinced that Eve exercised undue influence over William due to multiple facts presented at trial, including the dramatic shift in his estate plan only one month before his death and Eve’s involvement in procuring his will and surrendering his life insurance policy. The trial court was less than impressed with Eve’s demeanor in court, noting her “flat affect during emotional testimony,” which left the court “with no confidence that Eve married William because she loved him and with the conclusion that Eve planned to take all of William’s money all along.”

Ultimately, the trial court declared that the purported will was invalid due to William’s lack of capacity and Eve’s undue influence over him, and it ordered that William’s estate be distributed as if he had died intestate.

The court also ordered Eve to transfer title of bank accounts, the house and the car — all of which she otherwise would have received as a joint owner — to William’s estate.

Source: Court of Appeals Affirms That Will Was Product of Undue Influence | Publications | Insights | Faegre Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP

Not So Green Acres

In this episode of The Case Files, I profile a 2010 Texas case involving a daughter’s misappropriation of her deceased father’s trust funds as well as her aging mother’s personal assets. The characters from the 1960s sitcom Green Acres provide a little humor to an otherwise serious situation. Enjoy and learn!

https://youtu.be/cVZsNE85HbE

Addressing the 800lb gorilla: Most financial scammers of the elderly are family.

A recent Barron’s article discusses ways in which adult children can protect their parents from financial fraud. Elder Financial Abuse is estimated to defraud older Americans of somewhere between the disparate estimates of $3Billion to $35Billion a year. The large disparity is due to the number of data sources, and estimations of unreported abuse, but suffice it to say, it is a problem.

While the elaborate means scammers take to defraud our aging parents of their resources are popular to write about, focusing on these threats ignores where 85-90% of defrauding takes place – within the immediate family of the victim. According to a report by the National Committee on Aging,

Over 90% of all reported elder abuse is committed by an older person’s own family members, most often their adult children, followed by grandchildren, nieces and nephews, and others.

Source: National Committee on Aging

My friend and colleague, Cynthia Healy, has years of experience investigating elder financial abuse, and she produced this short segment on family theft. Other resources can be found on her website gogrey.com.

The best way to address this 800 lb gorilla is to teach the virtue of honor in our family systems, and specifically how honor shapes the attitudes or actions that we take towards our elderly parents and/or their resources. Much of the familial elder financial abuse is subtle and occurs out of a sense of entitlement, the perpetrator justifying his actions under the guise of “mom won’t miss this.”

Still for those adult children who do honor their parents and their parents’ possessions, these articles offer practical and relational advice.

To help aging parents protect themselves, their grown children must tactfully broach the subject of their vulnerability. The key is to adopt an attitude of empathy and non-judgment, says Amy Nofziger, director of fraud victim support at AARP, an advocacy organization for older Americans. “Always start the conversation with empathy and compassion, and don’t be paternalistic,” she advises.

Source: Advisors Offer Precautions on Keeping Financial Scammers Away. – Barron’s

The Case Files – Episode 1: “Fool me once, shame on you…”

Wealth and Honor is a website dedicated to helping families navigate the financial challenges of age transitions. The site now has a YouTube Channel to host “edutainment” videos featuring non-legal commentary on actual court cases involving will disputes, elder financial abuse, estate litigation, fiduciary liability, and other issues of aging, death, and wealth.

Court transcripts are condensed into a factual summary with popular sitcom characters providing faces to the actual characters of the case, followed by a non-legal commentary of lessons to learn and missteps to avoid.

https://youtu.be/6gBLpiWQX9c
The Case Files Trailer

The first episode covers the case of Lintz vs Lintz, a 2014 case decided in the California Appeals Court, that includes claims of breach of fiduciary duty, elder financial abuse, undue influence, among other claims. Viewers are encouraged to first watch a presentation of commonly used terms before watching the case episodes.

For a full text of the court transcript, click here.

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